The history of heraklion goes back many millenia, being the center of the minoan civilization which spread among the greek islands. Knossos (an ancient city located right outside heraklion) was the capital of the minoan kings and the place were the original labyrinth was built. Heraklion flourished through the ages and was known as the "great castle" in the medieval ages, when the - gigantic !! - city wall was constructed by venetians. The city fell to the ottomans in 1669, after a 22 year siege (the second-longest siege in history).
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